Responsibility for implementing and/or enforcing laws established by Congress rests with federal civil servants in a number of regulatory and research agencies. Many of the agencies with influence on the use of animals and/or alternatives in regulatory toxicology are located within the US Department of Health and Human Services, while others operate as independent agencies. In addition, two key interagency bodies established under NIEHS, NTP and ICCVAM, coordinate programs and activities specifically related to toxicity testing.

Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) (not a complete listing)

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

• Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR)
• National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

• National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR)

National Institutes of Health (NIH) (not a complete listing)

• National Cancer Institute (NCI)
• National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS)
• National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI)
• National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
• National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)
  • National Toxicology Program (NTP)
  • NTP Interagency Center for the Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological Methods – Interagency Coordinating Committee on the Validation of Alternative Methods (NICEATM-ICCVAM)
• National Library of Medicine (NLM)

Independent Agencies

Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC)
Department of Agriculture (USDA)

• Center for Veterinary Biologics (CVB)/ APHIS

Department of Defense (DoD)
Department of Transportation (DOT)
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

• National Center for Computational Toxicology (NCCT)

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

Other US Bodies

National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI)
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC)
US Public Health Service (US PHS)
White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP)