Links
0-EF-JK-OP-TU-Z0-E
3D
three dimensional
3Rs
replacement, reduction, refinement
AALAS
American Association for Laboratory Animal Science
ADI
acceptable daily intake [human]
AFIP
Armed Forces Institute of Pathology
AHI
Animal Health Institute (US)
AIDS
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
ANDA
Abbreviated New Drug Application (US FDA)
AOP
Adverse Outcome Pathway
APHIS
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (USDA)
ARDF
Alternatives Research and Development Foundation
ATLA
Alternatives to Laboratory Animals
ATSDR
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (US CDC)
BBMO
Biosensors Based on Membrane Organization to Replace Animal Testing
BCOP
Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability assay
BfR
German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment
BLA
Biological License Application (US FDA)
BRD
Background Review Document (ICCVAM)
BSC
Board of Scientific Counselors (US NTP)
BSE
Bovine Spongiform Encephalitis
CAAI
University of California Center for Animal Alternatives Information
CAAT
Johns Hopkins Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing
CAMVA
Chorioallantoic Membrane Vascularization Assay
CBER
Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (US FDA)
CDC
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
CDER
Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (US FDA)
CDRH
Center for Devices and Radiological Health (US FDA)
CERHR
Center for the Evaluation of Risks to Human Reproduction (US NTP)
CFR
Code of Federal Regulations (US)
CFSAN
Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (US FDA)
CHMP
Committees for Medicinal Products for Human Use
CMR
carcinogenic, mutagenic and reprotoxic
CO2
Carbon Dioxide
COLIPA
European Cosmetic Toiletry & Perfumery Association
COMP
Committee for Orphan Medicinal Products
CORDIS
Community Research & Development Information Service
CORRELATE
European Reference Laboratory for Alternative Tests
CPCP
Chemical Prioritization Community of Practice (US EPA)
CPSC
Consumer Product Safety Commission (US)
CTA
Cell Transformation Assays
CVB
Center for Veterinary Biologics (USDA)
CVM
Center for Veterinary Medicine (US FDA)
CVMP
Committee for Medicinal Products for Veterinary Use
DARPA
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (US)
DG
Directorate General
DOD
Department of Defense (US)
DOT
Department of Transportation (US)
DRP
Detailed Review Paper (OECD)
EC
European Commission
ECB
European Chemicals Bureau
ECHA
European Chemicals Agency
ECOPA
European Consensus Platform for Alternatives
ECVAM
European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods
ED
endocrine disrupters
EDQM
European Directorate for Quality of Medicines & HealthCare
EEC
European Economic Commission
EFPIA
European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations
EFSA
European Food Safety Authority
EFSA PPR
European Food Safety Authority Panel on plant protection products and their residues
EFTA
European Free Trade Association
ELINCS
European List of Notified Chemical Substances
ELISA
Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay
EMEA
European Medicines Agency
ENVI
European Parliament Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety
EO
Executive Orders (US)
EPA
Environmental Protection Agency (US)
EPAA
European Partnership for Alternative Approaches to Animal Testing
ESACECVAM
Scientific Advisory Committee (EU)
ESOCOC
Economic and Social Council (UN)
EU
European Union
EURL ECVAM
European Union Reference Laboratory on Alternatives to Animal Testing
EWG
expert working group
F-J
FAO
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
FDA
Food and Drug Administration (US)
FFDCA
Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (US)
FHSA
Federal Hazardous Substances Act (US)
FIFRA
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (US)
FP
framework program
FRAME
Fund for the Replacement of Animals in Medical Experiments
GCCP
good cell culture practice
GCP
good clinical practice
GHS
Globally Harmonized System for Classification and Labeling of Chemicals
GJIC
gap junction intercellular communication [assay]
GLP
good laboratory practice
GMO
genetically modified organism
GMP
good manufacturing practice
GPMT
Guinea Pig Maximization Test
HCE, HCE-T
human corneal epithelial cells
HESI
ILSI Health and Environmental Sciences Institute
HET-CAM
Hen’s Egg Test – Chorioallantoic Membrane assay
HHS
Department of Health and Human Services (US)
HIV
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
HMPC
Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products
HPV
High Production Volume
HSUS
The Humane Society of the United States
HTS
high throughput screening
HGP
Human Genome Project
IARC
International Agency for Research on Cancer (WHO)
ICAPO
International Council for Animal Protection in OECD
ICCVAM
Interagency Coordinating Committee on the Validation of Alternative Methods (US)
ICE
isolated chicken eye
ICH
International Conference on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use
ICSC
International Chemical Safety Cards
IFAH-EUROPE
International Federation for Animal Health Europe
IFPMA
International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers & Associations
IIVS
Institute for In Vitro Sciences
ILAR
Institute for Laboratory Animal Research
ILO
International Labour Organization
ILSI
International Life Sciences Institute
IND
investigational new drug (US FDA)
INVITROM
International Society for In Vitro Methods
IOMC
Inter-Organization Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals (WHO)
IPCS
International Programme on Chemical Safety (WHO)
IQF
International QSAR Foundation to Reduce Animal Testing
IRB
institutional review board
IRE
isolated rabbit eye
IWG
Immunotoxicity Working Group (ICCVAM)
JaCVAM
Japanese Center for the Validation of Alternative Methods
JAVB
Japanese Association of Veterinary Biologics
JECFA
Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives
JMAFF
Japanese Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
JPMA
Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association
JRC
Joint Research Centre (EU)
JSAAE
Japanese Society for Alternatives to Animal Experiments
JVPA
Japanese Veterinary Products Association
K-O
KoCVAM
Korean Center for the Validation of Alternative Method
Liintop
Liver Intestine Optimization
LLNA
Local Lymph Node Assay
MAD
Mutual Acceptance of Data (OECD)
MEIC
Multicenter Evaluation of In Vitro Cytotoxicity
MEMO
MEIC monographs on time-related human lethal blood concentrations
MEPs
Members of the European Parliament
mg
milligrams [a unit of weight]
MHLW
Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (Japan)
MLI
Molecular Libraries Initiative (US NIH)
MSDS
Material Safety Data Sheets
MW
molecular weight
Nc3Rs
UK National Center for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research
NCBI
National Center for Biotechnology Information (US)
NCEH
National Center for Environmental Health (US CDC)
NCGC
NIH Chemical Genomics Center (US)
NCI
National Cancer Institute (US NIH)
NCPDCID
National Center for Preparedness, Detection and Control of Infectious Diseases
NCCT
National Center for Computational Toxicology (US EPA)
NCTR
National Center for Toxicological Research (US FDA)
NDA
new drug application (US FDA)
NGO
non-governmental organization
NIAID
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
NICA
Nordic Information Center for Alternative Methods
NICEATM
National Toxicology Program Interagency Center for Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological Methods (US)
NIEHS
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (US NIH)
NIH
National Institutes of Health (US)
NIHS
National Institute of Health Sciences (Japan)
NIOSH
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (US CDC)
NITR
National Institute of Toxicological Research (Korea)
NOAEL
no-observed adverse effect level
NOEL
no-observed effect level
NPPTAC
National Pollution Prevention and Toxics Advisory Committee (US EPA)
NRC
National Research Council
NTP
National Toxicology Program (US)
OECD
Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development
OMCLs
Official Medicines Control Laboratories
OPPTS
Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances (US EPA)
ORF
open reading frame
OSHA
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (US)
OSIRIS
Optimized Strategies for Risk Assessment of Industrial Chemicals through the Integration of Non-test and Test Information
OTC
over-the-counter [drug]
P-T
PBPK
physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (modeling)
P&G
Procter & Gamble
PhRMA
Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America
PL
public law
POPs
Persistent Organic Pollutants
(Q)SAR
(Quantitative) Structure Activity Relationship
QSM
Quality, Safety and Efficacy of Medicines (WHO)
RA
regulatory acceptance
REACH
Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals
RHE
reconstructed human epidermis
RIPs
REACH Implementation Projects
RNAi
RNA interference
rLLNA
reduced Local Lymph Node Assay
SACATM
Scientific Advisory Committee on Alternative Toxicological Methods (US)
SAICM
Strategic Approach to International Chemical Management (WHO)
SANCO
Health and Consumer Protection Directorate General
SCAHAW
Scientific Committee on Animal Health and Animal Welfare
SCCP
Scientific Committee on Consumer Products
SCENIHR
Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks
SCFCAH
Standing Committee on the Food Chain and Animal Health
SCHER
Standing Committee on Health and Environmental Risks
SEPs
Special Emphasis Panels (US NTP)
SIDS
Screening Information Data Sets
SOT
Society of Toxicology
SPORT
Strategic Partnership on REACH Testing
TBD
to be determined
TDG
Transport of Dangerous Goods (UN committee)
TER
transcutaneous electrical resistance
TEWG
Technical Expert Working Group
TG
Test Guideline (OECD)
ToBI
toxin binding inhibition
TSCA
Toxic Substances Control Act (US)
TTC
threshold of toxicological concern
U-Z
UC
University of California
UCD
University of California Davis
UK
United Kingdom
UN
United Nations
UNECE
United Nations Economic Commission for Europe
UNEP
United Nations Environment Programme
UNITAR
United Nations Institute for Training and Research
USAMRICD
US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense
USAMRIID
US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases
USAMRMC
US Army Medical Research and Material Command
USDA
United States Department of Agriculture
USUHS
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
UV
ultraviolet
VCCEP
Voluntary Children’s Chemical Evaluation Program US EPA)
VICH
International Cooperation on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Registration of Veterinary Products
WHO
World Health Organization
WRAIR
Walter Reed Army Institute of Research
ZEBET
Centre for Documentation and Evaluation of Alternative Methods to Animal Experiments (Germany)