0-E

• 3D

  three dimensional

• 3Rs

  replacement, reduction, refinement

• AALAS

  American Association for Laboratory Animal Science

• ADI

  acceptable daily intake [human]

• AFIP

  Armed Forces Institute of Pathology

• AHI

  Animal Health Institute (US)

• AIDS

  Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

• ANDA

  Abbreviated New Drug Application (US FDA)

• AOP

  Adverse Outcome Pathway

• APHIS

  Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (USDA)

• ARDF

  Alternatives Research and Development Foundation

• ATLA

  Alternatives to Laboratory Animals

• ATSDR

  Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (US CDC)

• BBMO

  Biosensors Based on Membrane Organization to Replace Animal Testing

• BCOP

  Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability assay

• BfR

  German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment

• BLA

  Biological License Application (US FDA)

• BRD

  Background Review Document (ICCVAM)

• BSC

  Board of Scientific Counselors (US NTP)

• BSE

  Bovine Spongiform Encephalitis

• CAAI

  University of California Center for Animal Alternatives Information

• CAAT

  Johns Hopkins Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing

• CAMVA

  Chorioallantoic Membrane Vascularization Assay

• CBER

  Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (US FDA)

• CDC

  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)

• CDER

  Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (US FDA)

• CDRH

  Center for Devices and Radiological Health (US FDA)

• CERHR

  Center for the Evaluation of Risks to Human Reproduction (US NTP)

• CFR

  Code of Federal Regulations (US)

• CFSAN

  Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (US FDA)

• CHMP

  Committees for Medicinal Products for Human Use

• CMR

  carcinogenic, mutagenic and reprotoxic

• CO2

  Carbon Dioxide

• COLIPA

  European Cosmetic Toiletry & Perfumery Association

• COMP

  Committee for Orphan Medicinal Products

• CORDIS

  Community Research & Development Information Service

• CORRELATE

  European Reference Laboratory for Alternative Tests

• CPCP

  Chemical Prioritization Community of Practice (US EPA)

• CPSC

  Consumer Product Safety Commission (US)

• CTA

  Cell Transformation Assays

• CVB

  Center for Veterinary Biologics (USDA)

• CVM

  Center for Veterinary Medicine (US FDA)

• CVMP

  Committee for Medicinal Products for Veterinary Use

• DARPA

  Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (US)

• DG

  Directorate General

• DOD

  Department of Defense (US)

• DOT

  Department of Transportation (US)

• DRP

  Detailed Review Paper (OECD)

• EC

  European Commission

• ECB

  European Chemicals Bureau

• ECHA

  European Chemicals Agency

• ECOPA

  European Consensus Platform for Alternatives

• ECVAM

  European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods

• ED

  endocrine disrupters

• EDQM

  European Directorate for Quality of Medicines & HealthCare

• EEC

  European Economic Commission

• EFPIA

  European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations

• EFSA

  European Food Safety Authority

• EFSA PPR

  European Food Safety Authority Panel on plant protection products and their residues

• EFTA

  European Free Trade Association

• ELINCS

  European List of Notified Chemical Substances

• ELISA

  Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay

• EMEA

  European Medicines Agency

• ENVI

  European Parliament Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety

• EO

  Executive Orders (US)

• EPA

  Environmental Protection Agency (US)

• EPAA

  European Partnership for Alternative Approaches to Animal Testing

• ESACECVAM

  Scientific Advisory Committee (EU)

• ESOCOC

  Economic and Social Council (UN)

• EU

  European Union

• EURL ECVAM

  European Union Reference Laboratory on Alternatives to Animal Testing

• EWG

  expert working group

F-J

• FAO

  Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

• FDA

  Food and Drug Administration (US)

• FFDCA

  Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (US)

• FHSA

  Federal Hazardous Substances Act (US)

• FIFRA

  Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (US)

• FP

  framework program

• FRAME

  Fund for the Replacement of Animals in Medical Experiments

• GCCP

  good cell culture practice

• GCP

  good clinical practice

• GHS

  Globally Harmonized System for Classification and Labeling of Chemicals

• GJIC

  gap junction intercellular communication [assay]

• GLP

  good laboratory practice

• GMO

  genetically modified organism

• GMP

  good manufacturing practice

• GPMT

  Guinea Pig Maximization Test

• HCE, HCE-T

  human corneal epithelial cells

• HESI

  ILSI Health and Environmental Sciences Institute

• HET-CAM

  Hen’s Egg Test – Chorioallantoic Membrane assay

• HHS

  Department of Health and Human Services (US)

• HIV

  Human Immunodeficiency Virus

• HMPC

  Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products

• HPV

  High Production Volume

• HSUS

  The Humane Society of the United States

• HTS

  high throughput screening

• HGP

  Human Genome Project

• IARC

  International Agency for Research on Cancer (WHO)

• ICAPO

  International Council for Animal Protection in OECD

• ICCVAM

  Interagency Coordinating Committee on the Validation of Alternative Methods (US)

• ICE

  isolated chicken eye

• ICH

  International Conference on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use

• ICSC

  International Chemical Safety Cards

• IFAH-EUROPE

  International Federation for Animal Health Europe

• IFPMA

  International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers & Associations

• IIVS

  Institute for In Vitro Sciences

• ILAR

  Institute for Laboratory Animal Research

• ILO

  International Labour Organization

• ILSI

  International Life Sciences Institute

• IND

  investigational new drug (US FDA)

• INVITROM

  International Society for In Vitro Methods

• IOMC

  Inter-Organization Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals (WHO)

• IPCS

  International Programme on Chemical Safety (WHO)

• IQF

  International QSAR Foundation to Reduce Animal Testing

• IRB

  institutional review board

• IRE

  isolated rabbit eye

• IWG

  Immunotoxicity Working Group (ICCVAM)

• JaCVAM

  Japanese Center for the Validation of Alternative Methods

• JAVB

  Japanese Association of Veterinary Biologics

• JECFA

  Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives

• JMAFF

  Japanese Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries

• JPMA

  Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association

• JRC

  Joint Research Centre (EU)

• JSAAE

  Japanese Society for Alternatives to Animal Experiments

• JVPA

  Japanese Veterinary Products Association

K-O

• KoCVAM

  Korean Center for the Validation of Alternative Method

• Liintop

  Liver Intestine Optimization

• LLNA

  Local Lymph Node Assay

• MAD

  Mutual Acceptance of Data (OECD)

• MEIC

  Multicenter Evaluation of In Vitro Cytotoxicity

• MEMO

  MEIC monographs on time-related human lethal blood concentrations

• MEPs

  Members of the European Parliament

• mg

  milligrams [a unit of weight]

• MHLW

  Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (Japan)

• MLI

  Molecular Libraries Initiative (US NIH)

• MSDS

  Material Safety Data Sheets

• MW

  molecular weight

• Nc3Rs

  UK National Center for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research

• NKCA

  Netherlands Knowledge Centre on Alternatives to animal use

• NCBI

  National Center for Biotechnology Information (US)

• NCEH

  National Center for Environmental Health (US CDC)

• NCGC

  NIH Chemical Genomics Center (US)

• NCI

  National Cancer Institute (US NIH)

• NCPDCID

  National Center for Preparedness, Detection and Control of Infectious Diseases

• NCCT

  National Center for Computational Toxicology (US EPA)

• NCTR

  National Center for Toxicological Research (US FDA)

• NDA

  new drug application (US FDA)

• NGO

  non-governmental organization

• NIAID

  National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases

• NICA

  Nordic Information Center for Alternative Methods

• NICEATM

  National Toxicology Program Interagency Center for Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological Methods (US)

• NIEHS

  National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (US NIH)

• NIH

  National Institutes of Health (US)

• NIHS

  National Institute of Health Sciences (Japan)

• NIOSH

  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (US CDC)

• NITR

  National Institute of Toxicological Research (Korea)

• NOAEL

  no-observed adverse effect level

• NOEL

  no-observed effect level

• NPPTAC

  National Pollution Prevention and Toxics Advisory Committee (US EPA)

• NRC

  National Research Council

• NTP

  National Toxicology Program (US)

• OECD

  Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development

• OMCLs

  Official Medicines Control Laboratories

• OPPTS

  Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances (US EPA)

• ORF

  open reading frame

• OSHA

  Occupational Safety and Health Administration (US)

• OSIRIS

  Optimized Strategies for Risk Assessment of Industrial Chemicals through the Integration of Non-test and Test Information

• OTC

  over-the-counter [drug]

P-T

• PBPK

  physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (modeling)

• P&G

  Procter & Gamble

• PhRMA

  Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America

• PL

  public law

• POPs

  Persistent Organic Pollutants

• (Q)SAR

  (Quantitative) Structure Activity Relationship

• QSM

  Quality, Safety and Efficacy of Medicines (WHO)

• RA

  regulatory acceptance

• REACH

  Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals

• RHE

  reconstructed human epidermis

• RIPs

  REACH Implementation Projects

• RNAi

  RNA interference

• rLLNA

  reduced Local Lymph Node Assay

• SACATM

  Scientific Advisory Committee on Alternative Toxicological Methods (US)

• SAICM

  Strategic Approach to International Chemical Management (WHO)

• SANCO

  Health and Consumer Protection Directorate General

• SCAHAW

  Scientific Committee on Animal Health and Animal Welfare

• SCCP

  Scientific Committee on Consumer Products

• SCENIHR

  Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks

• SCFCAH

  Standing Committee on the Food Chain and Animal Health

• SCHER

  Standing Committee on Health and Environmental Risks

• SEPs

  Special Emphasis Panels (US NTP)

• SIDS

  Screening Information Data Sets

• SOT

  Society of Toxicology

• SPORT

  Strategic Partnership on REACH Testing

• TBD

  to be determined

• TDG

  Transport of Dangerous Goods (UN committee)

• TER

  transcutaneous electrical resistance

• TEWG

  Technical Expert Working Group

• TG

  Test Guideline (OECD)

• ToBI

  toxin binding inhibition

• TSCA

  Toxic Substances Control Act (US)

• TTC

  threshold of toxicological concern

U-Z

• UC

  University of California

• UCD

  University of California Davis

• UK

  United Kingdom

• UN

  United Nations

• UNECE

  United Nations Economic Commission for Europe

• UNEP

  United Nations Environment Programme

• UNITAR

  United Nations Institute for Training and Research

• USAMRICD

  US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense

• USAMRIID

  US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases

• USAMRMC

  US Army Medical Research and Material Command

• USDA

  United States Department of Agriculture

• USUHS

  Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences

• UV

  ultraviolet

• VCCEP

  Voluntary Children’s Chemical Evaluation Program US EPA)

• VICH

  International Cooperation on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Registration of Veterinary Products

• WHO

  World Health Organization

• WRAIR

  Walter Reed Army Institute of Research

• ZEBET

  Centre for Documentation and Evaluation of Alternative Methods to Animal Experiments (Germany)